WSGI协议详解【黑马python培训】

HELLO_WORLD = b"Hello world!\n"

# callable function
def simple_app(environ, start_response):
    """Simplest possible application object"""
    status = '200 OK'
    response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain')]
    start_response(status, response_headers)
    return [HELLO_WORLD]

# callable class
class AppClass:
    """Produce the same output, but using a class

    (Note: 'AppClass' is the "application" here, so calling it
    returns an instance of 'AppClass', which is then the iterable
    return value of the "application callable" as required by
    the spec.

    If we wanted to use *instances* of 'AppClass' as application
    objects instead, we would have to implement a '__call__'
    method, which would be invoked to execute the application,
    and we would need to create an instance for use by the
    server or gateway.
    """

    def __init__(self, environ, start_response):
        self.environ = environ
        self.start = start_response

    def __iter__(self):
        status = '200 OK'
        response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain')]
        self.start(status, response_headers)
        yield HELLO_WORLD

# callable object
class ApplicationObj(object):
    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        return [HELL_WORLD]

class Index(View):
        def get(self):
                return 'Hello world'

# lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py 146 line
class WSGIHandler(base.BaseHandler):
    request_class = WSGIRequest

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(WSGIHandler, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.load_middleware()

    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        set_script_prefix(get_script_name(environ))
        signals.request_started.send(sender=self.__class__, environ=environ)
        request = self.request_class(environ)
        response = self.get_response(request)

        response._handler_class = self.__class__

        status = '%d %s' % (response.status_code, response.reason_phrase)
        response_headers = [(str(k), str(v)) for k, v in response.items()]
        for c in response.cookies.values():
            response_headers.append((str('Set-Cookie'), str(c.output(header=''))))
        start_response(force_str(status), response_headers)
        if getattr(response, 'file_to_stream', None) is not None and environ.get('wsgi.file_wrapper'):
            response = environ['wsgi.file_wrapper'](response.file_to_stream)
        return response

# 具体见PEP333规范
def run_with_cgi(application):
    environ = {}

    def write(data):
        pass

    def start_response(status, response_headers, exc_info=None):
       pass
        # 调用应用程序
    result = application(environ, start_response)
    try:
        for data in result:
            if data:    # don't send headers until body appears
                write(data)
        if not headers_sent:
            write('')   # send headers now if body was empty
    finally:
        if hasattr(result, 'close'):
            result.close()

# URL Routing middleware
def urlrouting(url_app_mapping):
    def midware_app(environ, start_response):
        url = environ['PATH_INFO']
        app = url_app_mapping[url]
 
        result = app(environ, start_response)
 
        return result
 
    return midware_app
'''
中间件作用说明:
服务器拿到了客户端请求的URL, 不同的URL需要交由不同的函数处理，这个功能叫做 URL Routing，这个功能就可以放在二者中间实现，这个中间层就是 middleware。
'''